（文(wen)章來源：新華網）

▲車輛行駛通(tong)過貴黃高速上寨樞紐(niu)（5月31日攝(she)(she)，無人機(ji)照(zhao)片）。新華(hua)社記者 陶亮 攝(she)(she)

　　近日，中辦、國辦印發(fa)的《鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)建設行(xing)動(dong)實施方案(an)》（以下簡(jian)稱“方案(an)”）正式對外公布。方案(an)提(ti)出，實施數字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)建設發(fa)展(zhan)工程。推(tui)進數字(zi)技術與(yu)農村(cun)生產(chan)生活深度融合，持續開(kai)展(zhan)數字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)試點(dian)。數字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)建設建什么(me)？怎么(me)建？誰來(lai)建？就這些熱點(dian)問題(ti)，思(si)客綜合“三農”領域(yu)權(quan)威專家觀點(dian)解析。

為何要推進數字鄉村建設？

　　張(zhang)紅宇（清華(hua)大學中(zhong)國農(nong)村(cun)研究(jiu)院副院長）：當手機成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)農(nong)具，直播(bo)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)農(nong)活(huo)，數(shu)據繼(ji)土地、勞動(dong)力、資(zi)本、技術等傳統(tong)要素后，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)鄉村(cun)產業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)一種新(xin)型(xing)生(sheng)產要素。推動(dong)鄉村(cun)產業(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化，不僅(jin)可以(yi)讓數(shu)據流(liu)帶動(dong)資(zi)金流(liu)、技術流(liu)、人才流(liu)、物資(zi)流(liu)等向農(nong)村(cun)集聚(ju)，更能促進傳統(tong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產、經營、交易的(de)數(shu)字化轉型(xing)，為(wei)鄉村(cun)產業(ye)(ye)振興帶來全新(xin)的(de)發展方式。

　　李春(chun)頂（中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學(xue)經濟(ji)管理(li)學(xue)院教(jiao)授）：在數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型的(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)浪潮中，用(yong)數(shu)(shu)字經濟(ji)賦能(neng)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是下一階段的(de)(de)發展(zhan)重點，也是全面推進鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。數(shu)(shu)字農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)使(shi)信息技術與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各個(ge)環(huan)節實現(xian)有(you)(you)效融合，對改造傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式具(ju)有(you)(you)重要意義，其可(ke)以推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高(gao)度專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)，構建完善的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)系，并實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育、科研和推廣“三位一體(ti)”，有(you)(you)益于提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率，實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。

如何有效推進數字鄉村建設？

　　許(xu)世衛（中國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業科學院農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業監測預警團隊首(shou)席科學家、研究(jiu)員(yuan)）：數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)主要(yao)(yao)任務是加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)信息基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)，促(cu)進(jin)傳統基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施與數(shu)(shu)據(ju)元素的(de)(de)(de)(de)更多(duo)融合(he)，加(jia)快(kuai)推進(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)產業數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)升(sheng)級，推動鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)管理數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉型。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)需要(yao)(yao)跨領域(yu)融合(he)性(xing)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和集成創(chuang)新(xin)應(ying)用技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐，急需突破鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)低成本精準獲取技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)天空地數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)底盤技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)場(chang)景精準管理技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)智能(neng)化(hua)傻(sha)瓜式應(ying)用系統與產品等關鍵技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)，是一項長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)、艱巨的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略性(xing)任務，需要(yao)(yao)努力(li)實現技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、產業、場(chang)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)融合(he)，唯有(you)如此，才能(neng)打牢數(shu)(shu)字(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎，為現代化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發展提(ti)供新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量(liang)支(zhi)撐。

▲5月18日，在臨沂市蘭(lan)陵縣代村國家(jia)級現代農業示范園，工作(zuo)人員在打理蝴(hu)蝶蘭(lan)。新華社記者 郭(guo)緒(xu)雷 攝

　　李春頂（中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學經(jing)濟(ji)管(guan)理學院教(jiao)授）：在經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)方面，要加快推(tui)動種植業(ye)(ye)、畜牧業(ye)(ye)、漁業(ye)(ye)等(deng)領域數字(zi)化轉型(xing)，打(da)造數字(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)應用(yong)先進縣市和數字(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)，爭取一(yi)批數字(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)試(shi)點建設(she)項目(mu)在各(ge)地(di)落(luo)地(di)實施(shi)，以村(cun)鎮為單位，形(xing)成(cheng)可復制可推(tui)廣(guang)的(de)數字(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)典型(xing)模式，推(tui)進“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)”綜合(he)信息服務，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現代化經(jing)營水平。

　　在文(wen)化交流方面，依靠數字平臺開(kai)發鄉村(cun)文(wen)化創意產品(pin)，打造鄉村(cun)文(wen)化品(pin)牌，提高(gao)村(cun)民群眾(zhong)的文(wen)化生活質量，保護和(he)傳承鄉村(cun)各類(lei)非物質文(wen)化遺產和(he)民間工(gong)藝。

　　在鄉(xiang)村(cun)治理(li)方面，利用新媒體功能嘗試(shi)打造專屬微信群和公眾(zhong)號，以(yi)便村(cun)民及時充分地了解政務信息、工程建設信息等，引(yin)導廣大(da)村(cun)民積極參與到農業農村(cun)發展(zhan)的(de)討(tao)論話題，構建數字化監(jian)督平臺，使得信息獲取更加(jia)公開(kai)透明，提高(gao)鄉(xiang)村(cun)治理(li)決策的(de)科學性(xing)。

如何培育數字鄉村建設人才？

　　張紅宇（清華大學中國農村(cun)(cun)(cun)研究(jiu)院副院長）：提升農民的(de)數字化(hua)理念和運(yun)用水(shui)平(ping)是促進(jin)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)業(ye)數字化(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)必要保障。但從現(xian)實情況看，農村(cun)(cun)(cun)居民互聯網使用率還不(bu)夠高，鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)數字化(hua)復合型人才不(bu)足；大部分農業(ye)經營主體(ti)文化(hua)程度不(bu)高，數字素養(yang)總體(ti)偏低。

　　當下應(ying)(ying)著力提升農民(min)數(shu)(shu)字素(su)養，應(ying)(ying)當結(jie)合農村生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活實際，為農民(min)群眾開展(zhan)手機應(ying)(ying)用、網(wang)上(shang)辦(ban)事、電商物流、直播帶貨等數(shu)(shu)字化新(xin)理念、新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)應(ying)(ying)用培訓，進一步提高他(ta)們的參與(yu)度和獲得感，讓(rang)他(ta)們更好(hao)享受數(shu)(shu)字時代的發展(zhan)紅利。

　　鄭(zheng)潔（重(zhong)慶郵電(dian)大(da)(da)學(xue)馬(ma)克思(si)主義學(xue)院(yuan)副院(yuan)長）：一(yi)是不(bu)斷豐(feng)富農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生活價值內涵，注重(zhong)構(gou)建知(zhi)識更新、創新驅動的數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)素養與技能(neng)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)體系，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養具有(you)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)意識、計算思(si)維的數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)。二是加快實(shi)施(shi)新型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)工程。各級政府發揮作(zuo)用，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)提供在線培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓服(fu)務，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養造就一(yi)支愛農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、懂技術(shu)、善(shan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的新型(xing)(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)隊伍；采取切(qie)實(shi)可行的措施(shi)鼓勵(li)人(ren)才下(xia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)，多渠道(dao)、多形式(shi)參(can)與數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村建設；加強對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村干部(bu)、新型(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體以(yi)及廣大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)技能(neng)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓，切(qie)實(shi)提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)水平(ping)和能(neng)力，更好(hao)助力數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村建設。三是加速推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)轉換和身份轉換。抓住數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村建設發展的重(zhong)要(yao)窗口期，促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)斷加強學(xue)習，成為數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)時代(dai)有(you)文化(hua)、能(neng)創新、敢創業(ye)(ye)、懂管理、善(shan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的“數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)人(ren)”。