（文章來源：青島日報）

　　數(shu)據(ju)是數(shu)字經濟時(shi)代的“石油”，儲存海量(liang)信息的公共數(shu)據(ju)是一座“富礦”。2022年(nian)10月28日，青島(dao)“試水(shui)”公共數(shu)據(ju)運(yun)營(ying)，發布實(shi)施《青島(dao)市公共數(shu)據(ju)運(yun)營(ying)試點突破(po)攻(gong)堅方案》，引發廣(guang)泛(fan)關(guan)注。

　　什么是公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)？它跟政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)有(you)區別嗎？公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)涵蓋范圍(wei)更廣，不(bu)僅(jin)包括政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，還包括很多行業平臺(tai)、互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)平臺(tai)等在(zai)提(ti)(ti)供公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)過程(cheng)中收集、產生的(de)(de)(de)涉及公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)利益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)各類數(shu)(shu)據(ju)。比如，在(zai)水電(dian)煤氣、交(jiao)通(tong)等公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)中制作(zuo)或獲取的(de)(de)(de)信息記(ji)錄，就屬于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)。將公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)開放(fang)出來，供社(she)會開發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)，有(you)利于(yu)(yu)釋放(fang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)能量，激發(fa)創新(xin)(xin)活力，為經濟發(fa)展賦能，為社(she)會治(zhi)理增效，這是當前的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)識。2020年國務(wu)(wu)院《政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)工作(zuo)報告(gao)》首次提(ti)(ti)到“培育數(shu)(shu)據(ju)市場”。2021年，國家“十四五(wu)”規劃綱要指出，加強公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)開放(fang)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享，開展政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)授(shou)權運營(ying)試點(dian)。山東省(sheng)也發(fa)出通(tong)知，探索公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)授(shou)權運營(ying)、有(you)償使(shi)用(yong)(yong)等新(xin)(xin)模式。

　　讓(rang)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)“活”起(qi)來(lai)，要保障數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的供(gong)給(gei)和開(kai)發，更好服(fu)務社會民(min)生。從全國(guo)來(lai)看，“體制機(ji)制不(bu)夠健(jian)全”“創新應(ying)用能(neng)力(li)不(bu)強”“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)壁(bi)壘依(yi)然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)”等問(wen)題(ti)一直是(shi)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)和運(yun)營的“攔(lan)路虎”。這些因素(su)也導致，明(ming)明(ming)守著一座“富礦(kuang)”，卻難以充分(fen)挖(wa)掘。不(bu)過，在(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)營方(fang)面(mian)，青(qing)(qing)島(dao)已在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)方(fang)面(mian)走(zou)在(zai)了前頭。早在(zai)2012年(nian)，青(qing)(qing)島(dao)就率先在(zai)山東省開(kai)展公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)匯聚、共(gong)(gong)(gong)享和開(kai)放(fang)(fang)工(gong)作。2020年(nian)12月，青(qing)(qing)島(dao)上線并演示了全國(guo)首個公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)服(fu)務平(ping)臺，并發布數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)及應(ying)用場景(jing)供(gong)需(xu)清單(dan)。2022年(nian)8月，青(qing)(qing)島(dao)正(zheng)式(shi)啟(qi)動公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)營試點工(gong)作。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)，青(qing)(qing)島(dao)在(zai)金融、商貿(mao)、交通、醫療等領(ling)域建設應(ying)用場景(jing)，推動公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與各行業相融合(he)，收(shou)到了明(ming)顯成效。比如，過去金融機(ji)構審批小(xiao)(xiao)微企業貸款(kuan)，需(xu)要耗時耗力(li)去核查企業信息，還(huan)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)準確等問(wen)題(ti)。而在(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)平(ping)臺上線后，借助(zhu)“城市云腦(nao)”的大數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理能(neng)力(li)，小(xiao)(xiao)微企業最(zui)快15分(fen)鐘就能(neng)收(shou)到貸款(kuan)。

　　讓公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)“活”起來(lai)(lai)，還要加強數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安全，優化(hua)市(shi)(shi)場生態。如(ru)今，我們已(yi)在(zai)眾多領域感受到大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)的(de)便利(li)。在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運營之后(hou)，各類數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)將(jiang)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)整合，帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)更(geng)大便利(li)，也可(ke)能(neng)埋下更(geng)多隱(yin)(yin)患。很多人已(yi)體驗過“大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)殺熟”，假如(ru)不(bu)能(neng)保護好(hao)個人隱(yin)(yin)私，公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾就可(ke)能(neng)徹(che)底淪為“透明人”。所以，公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放必須做好(hao)脫敏處理(li)，成為更(geng)安全的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)品與(yu)服務后(hou)，再釋放給社會。公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運營還是一(yi)(yi)個生態系統，就像一(yi)(yi)片“數(shu)(shu)林”，所有(you)利(li)益(yi)相關者，將(jiang)共同決定這個生態系統的(de)未來(lai)(lai)，必須立(li)好(hao)規矩。目前，上(shang)海、浙江等(deng)多地已(yi)圍(wei)繞公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放進行了立(li)法。此次，青(qing)(qing)島也在(zai)《青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運營試(shi)點突破攻堅方案》中明確提到，“探(tan)索(suo)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)立(li)法，規范公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)、管理(li)與(yu)應(ying)用等(deng)工作”。另外，在(zai)日常工作中，也要讓相關部門有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)壓力(li)和(he)動(dong)力(li)，來(lai)(lai)推進公(gong)(gong)(gong)共數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開放和(he)運營，以確保高效和(he)安全可(ke)控。

　　公共數(shu)據運(yun)營試(shi)點是(shi)一項(xiang)突破性(xing)、創新性(xing)工作，既要按(an)下“快進(jin)鍵”，也要系好“安全帶”。我們有理(li)由相信(xin)，不斷(duan)深化改革、先行先試(shi)的青(qing)島(dao)，有能(neng)力進(jin)一步釋放數(shu)據生產(chan)力潛(qian)能(neng)，走出一條獨具特色的數(shu)據市場(chang)發展之路。